Vanda Jones ex R.Br., 1820



Vanda Jones ex R.Br. 
in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 6: t. 506 (1820)



INTRODUCTION: 
The some sixty species in this genus are distributed from India, China, S.E. Asia to New Guinea, some Pacific Islands and one species is recorded for Australia.


DERIVATION OF GENUS NAME: 
The generic name comes from the Sanskrit name for the species Vanda roxburghii R.Br., Bot. Reg. 6: t. 506 (1820). (other authors state Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G.Don in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 372 (1830).) from Bengal.
TYPE SPECIES: 
Vanda roxburghii R.Br., Bot. Reg. 6: t. 506 (1820).
Heterotypic synonym : 
Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G.Don in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 372 (1830).
CHARACTERISTICS OF GENUS: 
Large, coarse monopodial epiphytes or lithophytes with usually erect, long stems and thick, cord-like roots. The distichous, strap-like leaves closely enfold the stem at the base. Some species have terete leaves. The lateral inflorescence is few to many-flowered. Flowers, often very showy, are medium-sized to fairly large, opening widely. Many species in this genus have been used intensively for hybridizing, resulting in a most stunning array of flower colours, shapes and sizes. The species in this genus freely interbreed with species of other closely related genera such as Aerides, Arachnis, Ascocentrum, Renanthera, Phalaenopsis etc.
NUMBER OF SECTIONS IN GENUS: 
Six sections have been created for this genus. These are :

  1. Deltoglossa, 
  2. Hastifera, 
  3. Lamellaria, 
  4. Longicalcarata, 
  5. Obtusiloba, 
  6. Vanda. 
NUMBER OF SPECIES IN SUMATRA: 
In Sumatra four species are found in the tropical medium - high land forests up to 1,700 m. Three of them are endemic. They are :

  1. Vanda foetida J.J.Sm., Icon. Bogor.: t. 221 (1906).
  2. Vanda helvola Blume, Rumphia 4: 49 (1849).
  3. Vanda leucostele Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45(104): 56 (1911).
  4. Vanda sumatrana Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45(104): 57 (1911).



SPECIES SHOWN HERE:

  1. Vanda foetida J.J.Sm., 1906.
  2. Vanda helvola Blume, 1849.
  3. Vanda leucostele Schltr., 1911
  4. Vanda sumatrana Schltr., 1911
HABITAT: 
All species prefer open forests or shade trees or cliff with medium humidity as lithophyte, exposed to full sun.
PHOTOS:

Vanda foetida J.J.Sm., 1906.



Vanda helvola Blume, 1849.



Vanda leucostele Schltr., 1911.



Vanda sumatrana Schltr., 1911.




CONSERVATION STATUS: 
The species in this genus are not common, even where they occur. Under threat from expanding agricultural activities.


ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT COPY :
Vanda Jones ex R.Br., Bot. Reg. 6: t. 506 (1820).



LITERATURE CITED

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